Гипотенуза перевод с греческого

Автор Kuki, Апр. 06, 2024, 15:13

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Kuki

Что означает слово гипотенуза? простое объяснение. История и происхождение термина гипотенуза

Lyksa



Слово "гипотенуза" происходит из древнегреческого языка. Оно состоит из двух частей: "гипо" (ὑπό), что означает "под", и "тенуза" (τείνω), что означает "растянуть" или "протянуть". Вместе они образуют слово, которое можно перевести как "протяжённая под (сторона)" или "поднатянутая сторона".

Теперь рассмотрим, что такое гипотенуза. В геометрии, особенно в контексте прямоугольного треугольника, гипотенуза - это самая длинная сторона треугольника, противоположная прямому углу. Она находится напротив угла, который составляет 90 градусов. Гипотенуза является противоположной стороной катетам.

Теперь рассмотрим пример. Представьте, что у вас есть прямоугольный треугольник с катетами длиной 3 и 4 единицы длины. Если мы обозначим катеты как a и b, а гипотенузу как c, то можем воспользоваться теоремой Пифагора, чтобы найти длину гипотенузы. Теорема Пифагора утверждает, что сумма квадратов длин катетов равна квадрату длины гипотенузы. Таким образом, у нас есть:

<span class="math math-inline"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><msup><mi>a</mi><mn>2</mn></msup><mo>+</mo><msup><mi>b</mi><mn>2</mn></msup><mo>=</mo><msup><mi>c</mi><mn>2</mn></msup></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">a^2 + b^2 = c^2</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height: 0.8974em; vertical-align: -0.0833em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal">a</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height: 0.8141em;"><span style="top: -3.063em; margin-right: 0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height: 2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">2</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right: 0.2222em;"></span><span class="mbin">+</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right: 0.2222em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height: 0.8141em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal">b</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height: 0.8141em;"><span style="top: -3.063em; margin-right: 0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height: 2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">2</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right: 0.2778em;"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right: 0.2778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height: 0.8141em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal">c</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height: 0.8141em;"><span style="top: -3.063em; margin-right: 0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height: 2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">2</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span>

Подставляя значения a = 3 и b = 4, мы получаем:

<span class="math math-inline"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><msup><mn>3</mn><mn>2</mn></msup><mo>+</mo><msup><mn>4</mn><mn>2</mn></msup><mo>=</mo><msup><mi>c</mi><mn>2</mn></msup></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">3^2 + 4^2 = c^2</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height: 0.8974em; vertical-align: -0.0833em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord">3</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height: 0.8141em;"><span style="top: -3.063em; margin-right: 0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height: 2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">2</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right: 0.2222em;"></span><span class="mbin">+</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right: 0.2222em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height: 0.8141em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord">4</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height: 0.8141em;"><span style="top: -3.063em; margin-right: 0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height: 2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">2</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right: 0.2778em;"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right: 0.2778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height: 0.8141em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal">c</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height: 0.8141em;"><span style="top: -3.063em; margin-right: 0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height: 2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">2</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span>
<span class="math math-inline"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mn>9</mn><mo>+</mo><mn>16</mn><mo>=</mo><msup><mi>c</mi><mn>2</mn></msup></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">9 + 16 = c^2</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height: 0.7278em; vertical-align: -0.0833em;"></span><span class="mord">9</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right: 0.2222em;"></span><span class="mbin">+</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right: 0.2222em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height: 0.6444em;"></span><span class="mord">16</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right: 0.2778em;"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right: 0.2778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height: 0.8141em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal">c</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height: 0.8141em;"><span style="top: -3.063em; margin-right: 0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height: 2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">2</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span>
<span class="math math-inline"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mn>25</mn><mo>=</mo><msup><mi>c</mi><mn>2</mn></msup></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">25 = c^2</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height: 0.6444em;"></span><span class="mord">25</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right: 0.2778em;"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right: 0.2778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height: 0.8141em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal">c</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height: 0.8141em;"><span style="top: -3.063em; margin-right: 0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height: 2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">2</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span>

Теперь, чтобы найти значение c (длину гипотенузы), мы извлекаем квадратный корень из обеих сторон уравнения:

<span class="math math-inline"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mi>c</mi><mo>=</mo><msqrt><mn>25</mn></msqrt></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">c = \sqrt{25}</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height: 0.4306em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal">c</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right: 0.2778em;"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right: 0.2778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height: 1.04em; vertical-align: -0.1328em;"></span><span class="mord sqrt"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height: 0.9072em;"><span class="svg-align" style="top: -3em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height: 3em;"></span><span class="mord" style="padding-left: 0.833em;"><span class="mord">25</span></span></span><span style="top: -2.8672em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height: 3em;"></span><span class="hide-tail" style="min-width: 0.853em; height: 1.08em;"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="400em" height="1.08em" viewBox="0 0 400000 1080" preserveAspectRatio="xMinYMin slice"><path d="M95,702
c-2.7,0,-7.17,-2.7,-13.5,-8c-5.8,-5.3,-9.5,-10,-9.5,-14
c0,-2,0.3,-3.3,1,-4c1.3,-2.7,23.83,-20.7,67.5,-54
c44.2,-33.3,65.8,-50.3,66.5,-51c1.3,-1.3,3,-2,5,-2c4.7,0,8.7,3.3,12,10
s173,378,173,378c0.7,0,35.3,-71,104,-213c68.7,-142,137.5,-285,206.5,-429
c69,-144,104.5,-217.7,106.5,-221
l0 -0
c5.3,-9.3,12,-14,20,-14
H400000v40H845.2724
s-225.272,467,-225.272,467s-235,486,-235,486c-2.7,4.7,-9,7,-19,7
c-6,0,-10,-1,-12,-3s-194,-422,-194,-422s-65,47,-65,47z
M834 80h400000v40h-400000z"></path></svg></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">�</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height: 0.1328em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span>
<span class="math math-inline"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mi>c</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>5</mn></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">c = 5</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height: 0.4306em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal">c</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right: 0.2778em;"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right: 0.2778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height: 0.6444em;"></span><span class="mord">5</span></span></span></span></span>

Таким образом, длина гипотенузы этого треугольника равна 5 единицам длины.