Как научиться выражать из формулы

Автор Pitstops, Апр. 04, 2024, 08:20

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Pitstops

Простой способ выражать переменные из формул: шаг за шагом. Изучаем выражение переменных из формул: примеры и объяснения

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  • Понимание формулы: Прежде чем начать выражать что-то из формулы, важно полностью понять, что она представляет. Разберем пример с формулой для вычисления площади прямоугольника: <span class="math math-inline"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mi>A</mi><mo>=</mo><mi>l</mi><mo>×</mo><mi>w</mi></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">A = l \times w</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height: 0.6833em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal">A</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right: 0.2778em;"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right: 0.2778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height: 0.7778em; vertical-align: -0.0833em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right: 0.01968em;">l</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right: 0.2222em;"></span><span class="mbin">×</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right: 0.2222em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height: 0.4306em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right: 0.02691em;">w</span></span></span></span></span>, где <span class="math math-inline"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mi>A</mi></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">A</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height: 0.6833em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal">A</span></span></span></span></span> - площадь, <span class="math math-inline"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mi>l</mi></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">l</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height: 0.6944em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right: 0.01968em;">l</span></span></span></span></span> - длина, <span class="math math-inline"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mi>w</mi></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">w</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height: 0.4306em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right: 0.02691em;">w</span></span></span></span></span> - ширина.

  • Определение, что нужно выразить: Допустим, у нас есть площадь прямоугольника <span class="math math-inline"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mi>A</mi></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">A</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height: 0.6833em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal">A</span></span></span></span></span>, и мы хотим выразить длину <span class="math math-inline"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mi>l</mi></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">l</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height: 0.6944em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right: 0.01968em;">l</span></span></span></span></span>, используя эту формулу.

  • Изоляция переменной: Чтобы выразить <span class="math math-inline"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mi>l</mi></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">l</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height: 0.6944em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right: 0.01968em;">l</span></span></span></span></span>, нужно изолировать эту переменную на одной стороне формулы. Для этого действуем так:

    <span class="math math-inline"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mi>A</mi><mo>=</mo><mi>l</mi><mo>×</mo><mi>w</mi></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">A = l \times w</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height: 0.6833em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal">A</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right: 0.2778em;"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right: 0.2778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height: 0.7778em; vertical-align: -0.0833em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right: 0.01968em;">l</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right: 0.2222em;"></span><span class="mbin">×</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right: 0.2222em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height: 0.4306em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right: 0.02691em;">w</span></span></span></span></span>

    Разделим обе стороны на <span class="math math-inline"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mi>w</mi></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">w</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height: 0.4306em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right: 0.02691em;">w</span></span></span></span></span>:

    <span class="math math-inline"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mfrac><mi>A</mi><mi>w</mi></mfrac><mo>=</mo><mfrac><mrow><mi>l</mi><mo>×</mo><mi>w</mi></mrow><mi>w</mi></mfrac></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">\frac{A}{w} = \frac{l \times w}{w}</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height: 1.2173em; vertical-align: -0.345em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mopen nulldelimiter"></span><span class="mfrac"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height: 0.8723em;"><span style="top: -2.655em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height: 3em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathnormal mtight" style="margin-right: 0.02691em;">w</span></span></span></span><span style="top: -3.23em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height: 3em;"></span><span class="frac-line" style="border-bottom-width: 0.04em;"></span></span><span style="top: -3.394em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height: 3em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathnormal mtight">A</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">�</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height: 0.345em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose nulldelimiter"></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right: 0.2778em;"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right: 0.2778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height: 1.2251em; vertical-align: -0.345em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mopen nulldelimiter"></span><span class="mfrac"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height: 0.8801em;"><span style="top: -2.655em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height: 3em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathnormal mtight" style="margin-right: 0.02691em;">w</span></span></span></span><span style="top: -3.23em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height: 3em;"></span><span class="frac-line" style="border-bottom-width: 0.04em;"></span></span><span style="top: -3.394em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height: 3em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathnormal mtight" style="margin-right: 0.01968em;">l</span><span class="mbin mtight">×</span><span class="mord mathnormal mtight" style="margin-right: 0.02691em;">w</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">�</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height: 0.345em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose nulldelimiter"></span></span></span></span></span></span>

    <span class="math math-inline"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mfrac><mi>A</mi><mi>w</mi></mfrac><mo>=</mo><mi>l</mi></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">\frac{A}{w} = l</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height: 1.2173em; vertical-align: -0.345em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mopen nulldelimiter"></span><span class="mfrac"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height: 0.8723em;"><span style="top: -2.655em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height: 3em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathnormal mtight" style="margin-right: 0.02691em;">w</span></span></span></span><span style="top: -3.23em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height: 3em;"></span><span class="frac-line" style="border-bottom-width: 0.04em;"></span></span><span style="top: -3.394em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height: 3em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathnormal mtight">A</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">�</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height: 0.345em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose nulldelimiter"></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right: 0.2778em;"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right: 0.2778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height: 0.6944em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right: 0.01968em;">l</span></span></span></span></span>

    Таким образом, мы выразили длину <span class="math math-inline"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mi>l</mi></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">l</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height: 0.6944em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right: 0.01968em;">l</span></span></span></span></span> через площадь <span class="math math-inline"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mi>A</mi></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">A</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height: 0.6833em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal">A</span></span></span></span></span> и ширину <span class="math math-inline"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mi>w</mi></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">w</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height: 0.4306em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right: 0.02691em;">w</span></span></span></span></span>.

  • Пример применения: Предположим, у нас есть прямоугольник с площадью <span class="math math-inline"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mn>50</mn></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">50</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height: 0.6444em;"></span><span class="mord">50</span></span></span></span></span> квадратных метров и шириной <span class="math math-inline"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mn>5</mn></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">5</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height: 0.6444em;"></span><span class="mord">5</span></span></span></span></span> метров. Чтобы найти его длину, мы можем использовать выражение <span class="math math-inline"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mfrac><mi>A</mi><mi>w</mi></mfrac></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">\frac{A}{w}</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height: 1.2173em; vertical-align: -0.345em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mopen nulldelimiter"></span><span class="mfrac"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height: 0.8723em;"><span style="top: -2.655em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height: 3em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathnormal mtight" style="margin-right: 0.02691em;">w</span></span></span></span><span style="top: -3.23em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height: 3em;"></span><span class="frac-line" style="border-bottom-width: 0.04em;"></span></span><span style="top: -3.394em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height: 3em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathnormal mtight">A</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">�</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height: 0.345em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose nulldelimiter"></span></span></span></span></span></span>. Подставляем значения:

    <span class="math math-inline"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mfrac><mn>50</mn><mn>5</mn></mfrac><mo>=</mo><mn>10</mn></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">\frac{50}{5} = 10</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height: 1.1901em; vertical-align: -0.345em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mopen nulldelimiter"></span><span class="mfrac"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height: 0.8451em;"><span style="top: -2.655em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height: 3em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mtight">5</span></span></span></span><span style="top: -3.23em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height: 3em;"></span><span class="frac-line" style="border-bottom-width: 0.04em;"></span></span><span style="top: -3.394em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height: 3em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mtight">50</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">�</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height: 0.345em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose nulldelimiter"></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right: 0.2778em;"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right: 0.2778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height: 0.6444em;"></span><span class="mord">10</span></span></span></span></span>

    Таким образом, длина этого прямоугольника составляет <span class="math math-inline"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mn>10</mn></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">10</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height: 0.6444em;"></span><span class="mord">10</span></span></span></span></span> метров.

Это лишь пример использования формулы для выражения одной переменной через другие. Подобный подход применим к любым формулам в математике, физике или других областях, где требуется выразить какую-то величину через другие известные величины.